ACQUIRING REAL STRENGTH

 by Phillip Starr

If I had a magic wand that would enable me to instantly bestow a high level of (martial arts) skill upon my students, I would use it for kindling. I have mentioned this to some of my students over the years and they're always surprised. “Why?” they ask. “Why wouldn't you use it?”

“Because acquisition of high physical skill must be accompanied by an equally high level of discipline and spirit,” I tell them. “And it is the struggle for the skill that makes us strong.”

Martial skill in and of itself is very nice but believe it or not, it's not really the entire goal. The struggle; the discipline, the effort and pain and sacrifice that it takes to achieve high skill is, I believe, the most important thing. It is only through this special forge and tempering process that we can truly come to understand and develop ourselves.

As in the art of kyudo (Japanese archery), the goal is not necessarily to hit the bull's eye. To a Westerner, this would seem nonsensical. But as I mentioned in an earlier writing, we tend to see (Eastern) things through Western eyes. This distorts our vision. We are not seeing truly (which is different from not truly seeing).

No, the object in kyudo and in all of the martial ways is to (initially) perfect every aspect of the outer movements. This must naturally lead to perfection of the internal aspects as well. Perfection of the self. And if you hit the bull's eye from time to time, that's nice. But stop TRYING to hit it. Pay attention to how you're standing, how you're breathing, what your mind is doing (or not doing).

Do it perfectly. You'll understand when you get there.

A TEACHER'S ANCHOR

 by Phillip Starr

When one begins teaching, does one's own personal progress in, and understanding of, his chosen martial art come to a complete stop? Some think that it should; they seem to feel that the teacher should progress no further and teach only what he has been taught. So, the instructor has an anchor hanging from his neck... he feels that he should not continue on the martial path and make further progress and if he does, he dares not mention or show it to his pupils.

The legendary founder of modern aikido, O-Sensei Morihei Uyeshiba, would often walk into his morning class and announce that he had discovered a new technique (or a new approach to an already existing one); the new revelations would, according to him, often come to him in his dreams (I feel sorry for his poor wife)!

His students eagerly learned what their teacher taught them and never questioned it. This is typical throughout Asia; according to ancient Confucian precepts, it is disrespectful to question the teacher. In the West, we encourage the asking of questions and so we have the feeling that the teacher should halt his/her personal progress lest he/she further burden us with more new knowledge.

Those who teach haven't completed their travels along the martial path. After all, they're still students themselves! They've just traveled further along the path than their pupils. Master Uyeshiba and many others, continued to train, improve themselves, and continue to learn throughout their lives and careers as martial arts teachers/students. And, being responsible and caring teachers, they taught others what they had learned. This is, I feel, as it should be.

YOU AND YOUR YI!

 By Phillip Starr

In Chinese, the word “yi” (意) Translates roughly as “intent, idea, imagination...” and it's one of the most crucial aspects of training in and applying any martial art. From judo to karate, taekwondo, kendo, gong-fu, or any other martial discipline, yi is of paramount importance. The founders of the Chinese styles known as xingyiquan and yiquan considered it important enough that they included it in the very names of the arts they developed!

Without yi, training becomes lifeless and empty. Application can become extremely difficult and very risky at best and can result in complete failure at worst. Yi is actually what makes technique work properly! If you just practice to lob your techniques out there (without yi), it's largely just so much wasted effort. Using yi doesn't necessarily mean that you need to put more “oomph” into your technique; it simply means to extend your intention as powerfully as you can. Additional physical effort isn't required.

When you think about it, the most important thing that we train (in any martial art) isn't how to punch or kick or execute throws, takedowns, or joint twists...it's the MIND! And when your practice partner attacks you (so that you can practice your defensive maneuver), he must do so with yi as well as body...that is, he must have the INTENT of attacking you and causing damage or pain although he doesn't have to actually carry through with it...but the INTENT must be there, In time, you'll notice that you can “sense” his intention before he even begins his attack.

Qi is directed by yi. The central principle of all qigong and fajin (a sharp emission of qi in technique) is, “Where the yi goes, the qi goes.” And it happens in that order; yi must move first, then qi instantly follows. So the first stage learning fajin or applying qi for healing purposes and such is the training of the yi. This is how I'm able to teach two-person qigong routines (such as the Unbendable Arm and the Immovable Posture) to people in less than 60 seconds. I get them to focus their yi in different ways and I know qi will follow. I taught this to numerous students in China. “Go and demonstrate that to any qigong masters that you meet”, I'd tell them “They won't be able to do it.”

In fact, the qigong “masters” that I met were certain that a minimum of 2-3 years would be required to be able to perform these simple routines. They were astounded when I told them that I could teach it to anyone in less than one minute!

Training the yi fully is a process that is developed over time. It can't be mastered in a few minutes or days. And if you look inside several of the old training exercises, you can see that the training of the yi is at their core. When applied to your forms, it makes a lot of difference; the entire set will feel and even look differently. When you practice three-step and one-step fighting, strong focus of yi by BOTH parties is essential if you have any hope of developing real skill...

THE WHY AND THE HOW

 by Phillip Starr

There are really two aspects to performing a given technique or form; one is, of course the “how” of it...how is it to be executed? Exactly how? And understanding this aspect can take some considerable time and practice.

HOW do you bow? Exactly how should you kneel down or stand up? EXACTLY how is that punch/kick to be performed? And forms offer a whole new dimension to the question(s) of HOW?

But knowing the “how” is only half of it. It's essential that you learn and thoroughly understand the “why” as well. Understanding this aspect can alter how you understand and perform the “how.”

As you move through the ranks, from white to green, brown, and finally black belt...and through the grades of black belt, your understanding (and hopefully, your practice of) the various “how's” changes. What is correct for a white belt isn't necessarily what is correct for a black belt...

At the rank of shodan, a student should have a solid grasp of the “how” as it pertains to the fundamental techniques and forms (in system that don't utilize a grading system, this should be after about 3 years of regular study and training). Understanding the “how” will be enhanced further with the passage of time and, of course, more rigorous training.

It really isn't until the level of yondan (4^th grade black belt, which can be achieved after about 12-15 years of training) that one is usually introduced to the “why” aspect(s). WHY is a given technique, body movement, form, etc., to be performed in a certain way? A qualified sensei/sifu should know this...at least up to a certain level.

These twin aspects can and should be applied to every facet of your chosen discipline. For example, WHY do you wear your uniform just so? WHY do you kneel down/stand up in a certain way? WHY do you perform your bow (and there are often several ways of bowing involved) as you do? Right down to the smallest details...why, why, why? And the tired answer of, “Because that's just the way we do it”, isn't an answer at all. It's an excuse that veils ignorance much of the time.

Of course, there are some folks who feel that knowing the “why” isn't all that important and they don't bother to pursue the questions. However, such deadheads may well be doing the technique/form/whatever incorrectly because they've never bothered to peer beneath the surface.

And learning the “why's” is much like peeling off the layers of an onion. There seems to be another “why” to the “why” that was just learned...until you arrive at the core. Therein lies the truth.

WHAT ARE THEY REALLY TEACHING YOU?

 By Phillip Starr

If I had a nickel for every prospective student or alleged martial artist who told me, “Forms are a waste of time... Nobody fights like that; they're just fancy dances that have no application in today's modern world”, I'd be a very wealthy man. Those who make such statements don't understand the “why” or even the “what” of form practice (often because they became bored and/or confused with the arduous training in what they regard as an antiquated practice) and many of them have shut their minds on the subject, refusing to reconsider.

To begin, forms are much more than just memorized movements that our forefathers found to be useful in combat. They knew, probably much better than we do, that “people don't actually fight like that.” But they also understood (also much better than we do) the real nature of hand-to-hand combat, unlike many of the current generation of “full-contact” sportsmen who wear padded gloves, are required to follow certain rules, fight in timed rounds, and – win or lose - go home at the end of the contest.

The forms that were developed by our martial arts ancestors were designed to teach principles and techniques that are essential to survival in actual combat. Different forms will provide training in various methods of weight shifting, body movement and footwork, transitioning from one type of posture or movement to another, timing, balance... And this is often performed differently, depending on the style being learned.

Karate, kung-fu, taekwondo, and other such forms of pugilism are not static postures. Our forefathers knew that. Rather, they are forms of movement. BUT they must be studied very carefully if they are to be fully understood. Real combat is very fluid and dynamic, not fixed. So are forms if you understand and are performing them correctly, as they were intended.

In a very real sense, each form teaches you to “think” in a different way. When I was young, I hated math (especially algebra) and I asked my father why we were required to learn this stuff (I knew even then that I'd never actually use algebraic formulas in my daily life and I was right). His answer was simple but very profound, “Because it teaches you to think in a different way.” I considered his answer for years and finally came to really understand just what he meant. When I mentioned this short conversation to my kung-fu teacher, Master YZ Chen, he smiled and fully agreed with my father. “Yes!”, he replied enthusiastically. “It is like that with the different sets” (forms).

In a very real sense, different forms of different styles are like different languages. If you truly want to become fluent in another language, you must learn to THINK in that language as you speak rather than first thinking of the words in English and then trying to translate them into your second language. This is something that can't be achieved overnight and it requires considerable practice on a regular basis.

Learning and practicing the individual techniques (main nouns and verbs) isn't enough. You may make yourself understood in some instances but it's a far cry from being fluent. You must master all of the other parts of the language (compare this to various forms of transitioning, body shifting, footwork, and so on). But even that isn't enough. Then you must learn the structure of the language – does the verb come before or after the noun, etc. And remember, you must practice enough that speaking this language becomes “natural” for you; you THINK in that language (and then you're truly understanding the form).

Language is fluid and dynamic. It is made up of more than just nouns and a few verbs (techniques and fixed postures) that you commit to memory. The new language isn't particularly useful at all. You can't really have a conversation that way. But if you're willing to put in the necessary study and practice, you'll eventually become fluent (fluid) enough to do so. THEN it becomes useful.

THE WAY

 by Phillip Starr

The word “do” in Japanese (“dao”, often spelled “tao” in Chinese, 道) refers to a “way” of doing things; a way of life and living it. We are familiar with its use in words that cite various martial disciplines such as judo, kendo, aikido, karate-do, and so on. However, it is also to be found when speaking of other arts such as chado (tea ceremony), kado (also known as ikebana; working with living flowers), shodo (writing calligraphy with a brush), and numerous other less violent arts. In Japan, these non-violent forms of “do” are regarded as every bit as demanding as their martial cousins and, in some ways, they're related. “How can that be?”, you ask.

The “Way” that is followed by our cousin arts is essentially the same path that we tread, full of pitfalls, thorny bushes, and uneven ground and stones that cause us to stumble and curse. Traveling it is no easier for a chadoka (student of the tea ceremony) than it is for a karateka or judoka. As with the martial disciplines, it requires great perseverence, discipline, an iron will, and a strong spirit. The “Way” is not reserved only for martial arts enthusiasts.

Bear in mind that the “Way” - the path – is essentially singular. There is really only one “Way.” The truths that are revealed along this path are the same, regardless of the discipline one follows. But long before they can be truly realized and understood, the neophyte must begin by learning the fundamentals of his chosen art. There are no short-cuts and attempts to hurry the process come to naught. The basic front kick, reverse punch, basic brush strokes...must all be repeated many thousands of times, with an eye towards perfecting them (as opposed to just counting them off). The process takes time, which moves at a snail's pace...so you might as well relax and enjoy the journey.

Do all of these different forms of “do” lead to the same truths? Yes. There is only one path and the truths to be found there are the same for everyone. You might ask, “How is it possible for something like shodo to come to the same truths as something like karate-do?” The truth, uncomfortable as it may be for some to swallow, is that what the “do” reveals has nothing to do with technique (per se) or violence. It is beyond such shallow, temporal things. It is beyond technique but the only way to get to it is through repetitive, concentrated practice of technique.

The truths it teaches cannot be sought after. The harder you look for them, the more you seek to grasp them, the more easily and quickly they vanish like a wisp of smoke. And many of the truths that are gradually revealed to the disciple cannot be expressed verbally.

The arts are like icebergs; what we can easily see – the techniques, the practice routines, and so on -form the uppermost part of the structure. Beneath what we can see lies the bottom of the structure, which is many times larger. This is the “do”, which lends support to the uppermost, readily observable part of the iceberg.

Enough now of my rambling. Time for you to get back to practice...

EFFECTIVE WEAPON DEFENSE

 by Phillip Starr

Defensive maneuvers/techniques that are to be applied when one is confronted with an armed adversary are, I believe, a very important part of contemporary martial arts training. Back in about 1983, I had two sheriff's deputies in my class when I was giving my “knife defense 101” lecture. I mentioned that if someone deliberately sought you out to engage you in a fight (which is the case in most self-defense situations), the odds were about 80% that he was armed with something to ensure his victory, I was quickly corrected by my law enforcement students who told me that the odds were actually better than 90%. And that was more than 30 years ago.... want to bet what the odds are nowadays?

I divide weapons into two very broads categories; striking and projectile. A “striking weapon” requires that the bad guy hits you with the weapon. This category includes everything from cudgels and knives to spears, swords, halberds, and baseball bats. Obviously, this is the largest category. Some of these weapons are easily concealed but many aren't. Our martial arts forefathers often faced such weapons and developed very effective defensive maneuver to be used against them.

The second category, projectile weapons, includes any weapon that can be used to launch a projectile at you while the adversary remains at a distance. The most obvious weapon of this type is one that our forefathers never had to face...handguns. Concealable firearms are a relatively new innovation, so the ancient arts were not designed to deal with them. All “handgun defenses” are rather recent developments but many of the principles of the traditional martial arts can be and often are applied.

I would caution those who practice defensive techniques against an armed assailant to adhere to 2 fundamental idea:

1. Gain and maintain control of the weapon at all times.

2. Destroy the aggressor.

I tell my students not to base any such defense on disarming the bad guy, If you do, then the two of you are involved in different forms of combat with the advantage going to the opponent; you're engaging your enemy in a sort of grappling situation and he's trying to kill you. You don't want to wrestle an opponent who's trying to stab you, believe me. Hollywood may make it look pretty easy to do but the truth is far different!