RULES?

 

by Phillip Starr

Rules, rules, rules...they're the main reason why good traditional martial arts practitioners sometimes lose competitions against boxers and MMA devotees. I define “rules” as follows: “a convention which help to ensure fair play, so long as they are followed by all involved participants.” Of course, if one (or more) participants refuse to adhere to the rules, those who do strive to adhere to them are guaranteed to lose.

Imagine a boxing match wherein only one of the fighters had to follow the rules. Which one do you think stands the best chance of winning? Boxing, per se, was developed as a sport and all sports involved the enforcement of certain rules. So boxing evolved within that framework. The same is true of MMA.

Traditional forms of karate and gong-fu were never intended to be applied as sports and consequently. They didn't care much about rules. There weren't any. Survival was the only concern. But human nature being what it is, competitions were developed and this necessarily required the development of rules to ensure not only fairness, but to reduce the chances of injury or worse. Many martial forms became “sportified.”

Now, when a practitioner of one of those traditional disciplines competes against, say, a boxer – and he's required to adhere to boxing rules – who is most likely to win? Even with their rules in place, traditional martial arts allowed for wide variety of techniques, which are forbidden in boxing;

*In boxing one cannot strike with the edge of the glove in the manner of a sword-hand strike.

*Striking to targets on the back are also forbidden.

*No striking is permitted below the waist.

*NO kicking or foot-sweeping is allowed at all.

*You cannot strike with your elbows or knees...

And so on and on. Moreover, modern martial arts competitions forbid techniques directed to the eyes and other such things that can result in severe injury. The original martial forms had NO interest in following any sets of rules. The object was to end the conflict as quickly as possible. This sometimes meant that at least one of the participants wouldn't go home after the fight. Ever.

If a boxer who was required to stick to the rules was put up against a traditional martial arts practitioner who was allowed to do anything he wanted, who do you suppose would walk away?

Remember, rules work only if ALL participants adhere to them...

THE RECEPTIVE MIND

 by Phillip Starr

Nyunanshin. It's a Japanese term that is sometimes heard in conjunction with learning traditional martial arts. It means, roughly, “soft-heartedness” and refers to the student's mental and even spiritual receptivity to instruction. Nowadays, we'd call it “open-mindedness” as opposed to being “close-minded” or “stiff-necked.” Heaven knows I've certainly had my share of students who, although they expressed a strong desire to learn martial arts, weren't particularly receptive to certain aspects of the Way. And I've had some who were actually “unteachable.”

I tell beginning students (and sometimes have to remind them periodically) that they must maintain a condition of receptivity – total receptivity of both mind and spirit if they are to truly learn. I have found that some build a sort of “wall” around certain subjects and won't allow new considerations/ideas to be absorbed and studied, contemplated, and/or expressed. This seriously stunts their growth in the arts and may even stop it altogether.

To truly learn and mature in the traditional martial Ways, you must set aside notions of what you think they SHOULD be, how they should be taught or practiced, and so on. Take the blinders off, open your eyes, your mind, and your heart, and be willing to see fully.

REAL KNOWLEDGE

 by Phillip Starr

There is a Chinese saying that tells us, “Real knowledge comes only through direct experience.” This is, I feel, very applicable to martial arts. It's not so much a question of how a given technique or combination is to be applied; rather, it's more applicable to just HOW a given technique or movement is to be done and WHY it is done in such and such a way.

Simply learning a given technique isn’t enough. You may be able to do it in a basic way, but you don’t truly KNOW how to do it. And you won’t know that until you CAN DO IT! Seem like a bit of a quandary? It is…

A good example of this is my senior student, Hiro Misawa. He became very interested in finding the most efficient way of executing a lunging punch. Generally, this is presented to novices as a simple forward step and thrust with the fist…and no instruction beyond that is provided. But there’s more. Lots more.

Although any technique or movement will suffice, we’ll use Hiro’s lunging thrust (known as “oi-tsuki” in Japanese, and it may be called “sudden chasing thrust: - 突追招 tu zhui zhao –in Chinese, which means the same as the Japanese translation), with which Hiro is enamored at this time. He has seen me as well as other teachers (such as the famed Naka sensei in Japan) do it and has seen Kuroda sensei (the best swordsman in Japan) virtually vanish before his opponent, and he determined to learn how to do it.

He’s previously trained with the legendary Hino sensei and he reflected on Hino’s words as well as those of Kuroda sensei and another revered teacher who wrote down his ideas many years ago. He understood that before anything else, he’d have to eliminate all unnecessary tension before executing the movement, and study – in minute detail – just how certain joints had to move (such as the elbow, shoulders, and knees) without creating tension. That required several months of introspection and feeling what was happening inside his body as he moved. We would talk and bit by bit, he came to understand the ultra-fine and subtle changes that had to be made to his posture and balance, and the timing of the thrust. After about a year, he began to truly understand how the lunge punch is to be done.

For starters, the lunging thrust is an ATTACKING technique. It generally isn’t applied as a counter-punch. So – if it’s to be used as an attack, how do we apply it with any chance of success? You rarely see anyone use it as an attack nowadays…they’ll tell you it’s too slow and your opponent can easily see it coming and either evade it and deliver a quick counter. The real translation of this is, “I don’t know how to do it correctly.”

In teaching this technique at many seminars, I can see the disbelief on the faces of participants when I tell them that I can easily use this technique successfully and there is no defense against it; by the time my opponent sees it, he’s been hit. They still don’t buy it, so I invite a couple of their top fighters to spar…and I demonstrate the truth of my claim, even at my advanced age. It is a fine example of not truly KNOWING until you CAN DO it.

But there’s more; catching “the right moment” is also crucial. Understanding and FEELING this concept of distance and timing (which, he came to realize, are the same thing) takes more time. And the whole movement must be made just so; if done correctly, an opponent who is standing in front of you cannot see the technique coming! Understanding how to do it is one thing, but everything changes when you actually CAN do it! Real knowledge and understanding comes about ONLY through physical practice. Many like to intellectualize about how something is to be done, but very few comes to actually KNOW how it’s to be done; most people just won’t put in the required time and arduous physical practice.

NO CREDIT!

 By Philip Starr

One of my taijiquan teachers, George Hu, had a handwritten sign up on the wall of his school that said simply, “No Credit!” And being the inquisitive type, I asked him what it meant. At that time, his English wasn't too good but I was able to understand what he meant...

Firing off a punch, he grimaced, “No credit!” He did the same thing as he performed a snappy kick and bent over to touch his chin to his toes...”No credit!” Then he spread his feet to stand in a solid horse-riding stance. “This makes credit”, he said. “Only this.”

What he meant was that although you may have a lightning kick and thunderbolt punch, they were worthless if you hadn't developed a proper “foothold” through the practice of a proper horse-riding stance (qi ma-bu). He believed, as I do, that although a technique may appear to be powerful, it actually had no real power if the foothold hadn't been developed. It was, he insisted, the only way to develop a strong root, which is essential for the cultivation of real strength.

The old, time-tested way of developing a strong “ma” is to hold the stance in a static manner (knees a bit higher than the buttocks) for varying lengths of time, depending upon the instructor. Certain breathing exercises may also be included. Personally, I recommend starting off or 60 seconds, then adding increments of 30 seconds when the previous time limit has become relatively comfortable...until the position can be maintained for 15 minutes. There's really no point in going beyond that.

Strength is developed slowly in the legs and hips as well as the ankles. The breath (and subsequently, the qi) drops to the lower abdomen. One becomes firmly “rooted” to the ground and the power of one's blows dramatically increases. There are no short-cuts; it's going to take a while. Patience is developed as well as power.

Many instructors nowadays don't bother with this training, fearing that students might quit because of the extreme discomfort involved. And maybe they will...but teaching authentic martial arts shouldn't be about simply making money. It's much more than that. Give credit only where and when credit is due.

MORE THAN TECHNIQUE

 by Phillip Starr

For all the attention that is, and must be, given to learning proper techniques, there is a subtle development that is also being fostered. Our instructors constantly correct our movements, berate us for doing them incorrectly, and insist that we repeat them over and over. I remember my own primary gong-fu teacher, W. C. Chen, making us perform punches over and over until I literally thought I was going to puke! He didn't appear to care; he was focused on our performance...and as I got older, I realized that he was also watching something else. Something none of us could see. But he could.

When we made to stand in the horse-riding posture for extended periods, I began to refer to the practice as a “religious experience” because I thought I could see God! Our legs would burn and shake uncontrollably...and then, one by one, we'd collapse in a heap. I'd struggle back to my feet and start again as did most of my classmates. A few would just sit for several minutes, rubbing their legs. They wouldn't be back. But those of us who persisted with the exercise would...

There were numerous other forms of self-torture that we were admonished to practice...every day (like the xingyiquan posture of santi). And then there were the basics that we repeated incessantly, until both our bodies and minds became numb. And the forms...over and over again and again. And again. Many times I wondered if my body could continue to take it.

Small injuries such as split lips, bloodied nose, muscle spasms...were patched on the spot and we'd continue with practice. Gut it out. We thought nothing of it. We got stronger but more importantly, we became mentally tougher. And that's what our teacher was looking for; the development of an indomitable spirit, the willingness to persevere regardless of what we had to endure.

It prepared us not only for personal combat, but for life.

FOUR PILLARS OF KARATE

 by Phillip Starr

There is an old Okinawan adage that reminds us that proper karate training consists of three essential parts, although they also include a fourth. These are sometimes referred to as the “Three (actually, Four) Pillars of Karate.” It is believed that one must practice all of them and refrain from neglecting any one of them. And they apply to all other martial disciplines as well...

The first pillar is Kihon (basics). Without regular (as in “daily”) practice of these, everything else falls apart. They must be practiced and continuously polished until they become a part of you. There is no end to striving to perfect the kihon. Beginning students often just lob them out into space, but this will lead nowhere. Each punch, each kick must be executed with yi (intention) and a strong spirit.

If we compare martial arts to language, the kihon are the words. They mustn't be garbled or mispronounced.

The second pillar is Kata (forms). As with the individual kihon, kata must be practiced and polished daily. It isn't necessary for you to practice ALL of the kata that you have learned every day; in fact, trying to do so would end in disaster! You'd quickly become bored, discouraged, or frustrated (or all of these) and discontinue your practice. You must FOCUS on the kata 100%. Select just one or two to practice on a given day.

If the kihon are words and phrases, so the kata are sentences and paragraphs that comprise a book. They are the ways of expressing the kihon in a coherent manner.

Kumite is the third pillar. It does not, however, refer only to freestyle sparring; it refers instead to practice routines that involve a partner. There are numerous two-person training routines besides sparring and training with them properly will develop genuine fighting skill. These include three and one-step fight, and freestyle one-step fight. Because they require a partner, such routines cannot necessarily be practiced daily, but they can and should be practiced in every class.

The Makiwara (literally, “rolled straw”) or striking post forms the fourth pillar. It will ensure that your Kihon are correct and it will polish, strengthen, and sharpen them. If the kihon are compared to using a sword, the makiwara is the sharpening stone. And it is where the blade is tempered. You wouldn't want to rely on a dull blade or one that's fashioned out of cheap iron, would you? It's better to have a razor-sharp sword made of the finest steel. And the striking post will make sure that you do.

An old friend of mine, “Sherm” Harrill once said, “Any karate school that doesn't have a makiwara is just teaching people how to dance.” And I agree. It's akin to a boxing school that is void of heavy bags...

Remember these Four Pillars. They're what your art and skill are based on.

DON'T HAVE TIME...?

by Phillip Starr

In 2016 I met sensei Hino Akira while I was visiting Japan. A world-renowned martial arts master, Hino sensei began his martial arts career in karate. Being extremely devoted and determined to learn the secrets of high skill, he practiced arduously every day, doing sanchin kata daily for up to eight hours! That in itself is a testament to his dedication! However, he realized that what he had learned and practiced wasn't going to let him improve his skill as much as he wanted, so he began going through the ancient martial arts writings with a fine-toothed comb...and he gradually re-discovered various principles that had been long forgotten. He set out to present his findings to the martial arts community and is now in demand worldwide (especially in Europe).

Although he travels quite extensively, he also conducts training in the spacious dojo that he installed in his home. In the photo below, you can see Hino sensei's beautiful home. Pretty nice inside and out, huh? It's even more impressive when you discover that HE BUILT THE WHOLE THING HIMSELF! He didn't design it and then hire people to do the actual construction. He pounded every single nail himself. And held down a full-time job to boot.

And he kept up with his training. Every. Day. Although he's certainly not a very physically imposing specimen, he has an iron will and perhaps even more importantly, an unquenchable desire to learn and improve himself. Now at the age of 75+, he continues with his daily regimen. So next time you're about to say, “I don't have time to practice at home”, consider Hino sensei...

CUTTING CORNERS

 by Yang Xuangxing

We've all done it at one time or another; tried to “cut corners”: when it came to learning or practicing a particular form or technique...right? Sure we have, and that's normal. It's just human nature.

However, we discovered – some more quickly than others – that cutting corners isn't an efficient way to truly learn or acquire real skill. It often results in injuries. Then we had to drag ourselves back to the old tried and true method of practice – endless repetitions with mental focus.

There's an old Latin phrase that tells us, “Repetitio mater studiorum est .” It means, “repetition is the mother of all learning” and it's absolutely true. But there's much more to it than just going through the motions, lobbing out one empty technique after another. I call them “empty” because they're devoid of any real spirit and intention, and hence...real strength. Thus, the mind and intention must be focused on each and every repetition.

This is why it's generally pointless to practice a large number of the same techniques over and over. Your mind gets bored, you lose mental focus and/or your legs (or other body parts) begin to ache and your attention (yi) is drawn to that part of your body. In short, although your body is doing the same outer movement(s) repeatedly, your mind isn't fixed on what you're doing.

Physical repetition must be enjoined with mental concentration if you expect to derive any real benefit from your practice. And the corners you thought about cutting? Forget it.

COMFY? NOT!

 By Phillip Starr

For what it's worth, it's my opinion that much of the reason for the overall decline in the martial arts nowadays is due to...discomfort. New students dislike it (and often drop out), instructors are afraid that students will find certain routines too uncomfortable and they don't use them, or both. Actually, this has gone on for so long that we now have instructors who have never had to endure the rigors and frequent accompanying “discomforts” that were once part and parcel of traditional training.

In the East, it's generally understood and accepted that engaging in a martial art is going to hurt a bit but not so in the West where we've been made to be politically correct (except for a few such as yours truly) and strive to prevent offending anyone or making them physically uncomfortable. The West has managed to raise a generation of wimps; many public schools have reduced or eliminated physical education and children (as well as adults) are not made to engage in any activity that makes them uncomfortable.

If little Billy's legs are sore from running around the track yesterday, he'll be excused from doing any physical exercises today. And this attitude has been carried into many martial arts schools...a great many of them no longer make students practice static postures (such as the dreaded horse-riding stance) or any training routines that are usually painful. But it is this very aspect of training that develops character, spirit, and an indomitable will; things that are not only essential for the development of martial skill but necessary for daily life as well!

Authentic martial skill simply cannot be developed without enduring a considerable amount of discomfort. But nowadays, many instructors are overly concerned that everyone is “having fun.” They fear that discomfort may result in lower enrollment and subsequent loss of income. And so it might. Martial arts aren't for everyone.