GOING BEYOND

 by Yang Shuangxing

Most martial arts enthusiasts hold their instructors in very high regard, at least as far as martial skill is concerned. And if they were asked if they thought they could someday exceed their teacher's level of skill, they'd be shocked and answer in the negative without giving it a second thought.

Consider...what enabled your teacher to achieve his or her level of skill? The first thing is passion; being passionate and committed to learning the art. Many practitioners say they want to learn it – even master it – but they lack the passion. Without that, they won't make it too far. Some start with what they believe is passion but boredom often sets in (often due to the constant repetition of fundamentals), or the path becomes too physically/mentally demanding and the flame begins to wither. The real passion is gone.

Being passionate is one thing, but it must be paired with discipline if it's going to be of any use. One may dream of becoming a concert pianist or NFL star, but without both passion AND the discipline required to put the passion into action, the path comes to a sudden stop. To acquire the same level of skill as your teacher requires both. In fact, acquiring any real skill at all requires both.

So, it is possible; it's a question of how much you want it...

FIGHTING MULTIPLE AGGRESSORS

 by Yang Shuangxing

There are numerous schools of thought on what to do when engaging multiple aggressors. All I can do is offer my suggestions...

Bear in mind that “multiple” means simply, “more than one.” So it may be just two or a dozen. The principles remain the same. The most obvious defense is to avoid this situation altogether. Oftentimes, you can see it coming and that's when you must use the #1 defense; run! But if that fails or if it isn't a viable option (if you are defending your family or other loved ones), or if it is otherwise unavoidable, continue on:

*DON'T ADOPT A “FIGHTING STANCE”: To do so lets your enemy know that you've had some kind of martial arts training and more importantly, it escalates the situation both physically and psychologically.

*IF POSSIBLE, DETERMINE WHICH ONE IS THE LEADER AND TAKE HIM OUT FIRST:

Every group has a formal or informal “leader.” He's usually the one with the biggest mouth and/or the largest member of the group. Attack him first – you'll only get one shot, so make it count – and the others often become fearful or disorganized. These people only respect the show of strength and demonstrating that you're “stronger” than their leader may well dissuade them from continuing the assault. And remember to kiai powerfully!

If you cannot determine which one is the leader or if the leader is out of reach (which makes attacking him very impractical), go for the member closest to you.

*AVOID BEING SURROUNDED: As best you can, avoid getting surrounded. Period.

*IF A PHYSICAL ATTACK IS IMMINENT OR THREATENED, STRIKE FIRST: You neen't wait until your foes begin their physical attack(s); in fact, doing so puts you in a bad position of having to “catch-up.” If you believe that a physical attack is imminent or if you are verbally threatened with physical violence, don't wait to see what's going to happen. Act first, decisively, and with great and lethal force.

*USE LETHAL FORCE: An assault by two or more assailants generally constitutes what is known as “deadly force” and you may use like force to defend yourself. This is no time to consider morals or any of that sort of thing; your life is on the line. And don't attempt any grappling maneuvers. You don't have time for it.

*ESCAPE AT THE FIRST OPPORTUNITY: If you are surrounded, there is a special stepping technique, which is known in yiliquan as the “eight diagram step” (it is also found in a small handful of aikido techniques) that was originally designed to enable you to get “outside the circle” of assailants who have have gathered around you. You can then use the best defensive maneuver of all – run!

*USE WHATEVER IS AVAILABLE AS A WEAPON: You're being attacked (or are about to be) with what constitutes deady force; therefore, you may use whatever you can get your hands on as a weapon with which to defend yourself. Your belt (especially if it has a heavy, western-style buckle) makes a nice flail and there may well be objects nearby that will serve as weapons.

*USE OPPONENTS AS SHIELDS: Once an opponent has been struck, use him as a shield against incoming foes.

*NOTHING FANCY: No jumping kicks, high kicks, or spinning kicks. They look good on a movie screen but they do not work in these situations. At all. Kicks, if used at all, should be low and quick.

Defending yourself against just two or three opponents can be very difficult. Once their numbers reach four or more, they actually get in each other's way and that can make handling them a bit easier. One well-known master of days past said he could easily defend himself against twenty (or more), but two was more diffficult.

THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT MINDSET

 by Phillip Starr

      One very critical element of our chosen martial discipline that is frequently neglected (or unseen altogether) by many students and instructors alike, is what I call the “fight or flight” mindset.  That is,, when we are confronted with a hostile opponent who means to do us harm, what mindset do we have?  Many of you will automatically respond by saying “to fight, if necessary”, but that isn’t necessarily the truth.  Hear me out on this one…

Now, we've all been taught, since day one, that martial arts are to be used only for defense; never to bully others or attack, etc., etc....right? Because of this teaching, many people assume that they must only act DEFENSIVELY and never become the aggressor. And that attitude and thinking is all wrong; it can get you killed.

At some point in the conflict, you must go on the OFFENSE. You can't keep retreating and blocking until the bad guy gets tired, right? Sooner or later (probably sooner), he'll land his attack and it's all downhill from there. The Marines learned this lesson well in VietNam. Intially, they would hunker down and return fire when they were ambushed. They fought from a fixed position and the enemy had time to figure out how to break through. After enough bad experiences, the Marines learned that the most effective response to an ambush was to ATTACK THE ATTACK! And it worked well.

It is the same with one-on-one conflicts; you must have an ATTACK mindset. ATTACK the aggressor as quickly as possible and overwhelm him.

Now, almost all martial forms assume a “defensive” posture, with the majority of the weight on the rear foot, when facing a hostile foe. This may appear in the forms, and it almost always shows up in fighting drills (such as 1-step and 3-step fight), and especially in sparring – when you square off with your practice partner, is your weight mainly on the front or rear foot? How are your hands placed? And most importantly, where is your mind and heart (intention) placed?

If your weight is mostly on your rear foot, you're physically (and mentally) taking a defensive posture. To strike the enemy, you have to shift your weight way forward and he's bound to see that. You're setting yourself up for failure.

Are your hands held in close? Do you keep them near your face? If so, you're in a very defensive position and signaling that you're afraid of getting hit in the face. Your mind (or a good part of it) is withdrawn and fearful. You need to extend your hands towards the enemy a bit. Bring your guns up where you can use them! Like a military situation, don't place all of your troops around the command bunker to defend it; set them out on the perimeter to intercept the enemy's attack!

And most importantly, where is your mind and intention? If your weight is back or your hands are withdrawn, they're clearly withdrawn – concerned with defense. You must extend all of your mind, all of your intention, towards the enemy. You must be willing to ATTACK THE ATTACK! Otherwise, you're just a moving target. Toast.

It is the Japanese martial arts that provide us with the most profound examples of this concept. For instance, you'll never see combatants in kendo playing a defensive game. The same is true of karate as well as numerous other disciplines. This is an important principle that should be applied to all martial arts.

FAST OR SLOW?

 By Yang Shuangxing

Everyone knows that taijiquan, especially that of the Yang style is performed in slow motion. However, few of them want to know why this is. I recall a young fellow who approached me many, many moons ago and offered to “cross hands” with me (that's a polite way of saying that he wanted to fight). Taiji was still pretty new to the U.S. and he informed me that he had a “black belt” in the art. That was a dead giveaway that he knew nothing about it and had likely tried to learn it from one of the few available books on the market.

We squared off and I noticed a fancy kung-fu patch on the left breast of his karate uniform. I decided that would be my primary target. He began moving for position IN SLOW MOTION! I was hesitant at first, wondering if he was trying to goad me into attacking him so that he could ambush me...but I decided to do it and let go a strong reverse punch that thudded into his pectoral muscle.

He flinched but kept moving very slowly, waving his arms as one might do when practicing the form (badly). I couldn't believe my luck! You don't get a free Happy Meal like this every day...so I continued to thump that patch until he could no longer raise his arm. It didn't take long. A front kick to his abdomen finally took the wind out of him and as he was trying to regain his ability to breathe, I asked, “You've never really studied taiji, have you?” Embarassed, he shook his head. I told him that although the form may be done much of the time in slow motion, you sure as heaven don't fight like that!!

Yet, nowadays I hear people laughing at taijiquan stylists because they move slowly and deliberately. “You guys actually fight like that?”, they jeer. Well, of course not. That's a really stupid question. But...most taiji enthusiasts very rarely, if ever, practice the form (or individual postures) at full-tilt boogie. If you're a taijiquan devotee, try it! Run the entire set at combat speed with the proper focus and yi (intention). Rather a different animal than the slow-mo version, huh?

There are several reasons why the form is practiced slowly and deliberately. It develops a very fine sense of balance and coordination between upper and lower body as well as weight shifting and proper breathing. Moreover, if you pay close attention, you'll notice how certain movements affect your body on the inside as well as the outside. These things are usually overlooked if you only practice at a faster pace.

If you're a devout karate or taekwondo practitioner, try doing one of your forms in slow motion. That includes stepping as well as kicking...all in slow motion. Believe me, you'll quickly notice a LOT of things you've never before considered. And your kicks will likely be considerably lower, too. You realize just how much you're relying on momentum instead of surgically-precise movements. To perform a form (any form) entirely in slow motion requires exceptional balance and a great deal of strength! You must have complete control over every part of your body at all times. It's tougher than you'd think but it will go a long way towards improving your form and technique.

DON'T HAVE TIME?

 By Phillip Starr

If I had a nickel for every time I've heard this excuse for not attending class regularly or training at home...(sigh). My usual reply is, “You”ll never 'have time.' You have to MAKE time.” But often as not, I get the usual response, “No, really! I honestly don't have time!” And so on.

It doesn't take much of your free time; maybe 30 minutes a day (although more is better – but no more than 90 minutes at the most, lest you burn out or get careless and injure yourself). You may have to rearrange your daily schedule a bit, get up a little earlier, or make some sacrifices. It's a question of how badly you want it (genuine martial skill).

Still, there are some who persist in saying that they don't have even 30 min. of free time each day. To them, I say:

• You either need a new life, or

• Martial arts just aren't for you.

  

Blunt, but true. People's response to my statement almost always start with “Well; I can't...”. And that says it all; they're determined to justify why they're unable to train properly. There's no need to justify it to me. I don't have that problem. Perhaps they're trying to justify it to themselves.

My statement holds true for any skill that a person allegedly wants to achieve. From broad-jumping to tennis, baseball, playing the piano...to achieve a high level of skill is going to require daily practice and if you can't or won't do that – whatever the reason – you simply cannot achieve it. Ever.

DA XIANG WUXING

 by Yang Shuangxing

In a lecture by Sifu Yang Hai (a teacher of the Chinese internal arts who is of very high skill and knowledge), he spoke of a Chinese expression regarding art; “Da Xiang Wu Xing.” I means, “Great Image (is) Without Form” (大像无形), or more literally, “True Image is (almost) Invisible.” We can say that it means that an “insubstantial entity” can only be expressed through a “substantial entity” or “that which does not (seem to) exist must be expressed by something that does exist.”

Sound a little strange? It's a common theme found throughout Chinese art of all kinds; from poetry to painting, music, calligraphy, and even architecture and furniture design (it reached its zenith in the Ming Dynasty). This concept was expressed by the legendary founder of Taoism, Laozi, more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese culture impacted virtually all other Asian cultures and this same concept is readily found in their expressions of art. In Japan, simplicity and (seeming emptiness is considered to be the ultimate expression of art. This is found in all expressions of their art. One need only look at sumi-e ink brush paintings to see how true this is. Most of the paper is blank, save for a few critica strokes...just the opposite of Western art.

Okay – what has all this got to do with martial arts? Well, listen up, Scooter...

It also necessarily infers that something may appear to be rather simple (to do), but is very difficult to replicate. This is said to be especially true of martial arts (and especially the internal martial arts). You may watch your teacher demonstrate a particular technique and think you'e “got it”, but you don't...not by a long shot. Ten years later, you still can't emit the power that he can with that technique...it LOOKS simple enough to do, but there's much more to it than what you see (right away).

As we say in the West, “the devil is in the details.” But it goes even deeper than that. Tiny, often imperceptible things must be done to get the desired result. The only way to find these things is through literally thousands of repetitions. Only when you “get it” will you be able to perceive it. It is said that “you can see it only if you know it.” No amount of intellectualizing, analyzing, or instruction will be of much use...when you “get it”, you'll know. You'll FEEL it.

Unfortunately, the vast majority of martial arts students Asian and especially Westerners) never “get it.” In too much of a hurry, they gulp down the basic instructions in a desperate struggle to be able to “do it.” They see only that which is superficial and they never look beyond that.

BUT I DON'T WANNA...

by Phillip Starr

How many times have you, or perhaps one of your classmates muttered something like, “But I don’t wanna do that @#$% form again!” Of course, the same complaint is often heard when the instructors calls out that everyone is to do more reverse punches, basic front kicks, or whatever. You just REALLY are sick and tired of doing the same thing over and over…

I know I did, back in the day, especially when I trained under the tutelage of my primary gong-fu teacher, sifu W. C. Chen. I recall when he showed us how to stand in the basic xingyiquan posture known as “santi shih” and told us to stand in this way every day for at least 15-20 minutes. I simply couldn’t understand how standing still in this posture could help me become a strong fighter (and baguazhang has its own version of the same posture). I wouldn’t truly understand it for many, many years…

And when I thought I understood, I later realized (through constant, REGULAR practice) that there was MUCH more to it than I thought! To this day, I am still discovering more about it! It’s more than just standing in a balanced position; it conditions certain muscles and other tissues, AND it teaches certain critical principles – if you pay close attention and study it as you do it.

In baguazhang, we would practice walking the circle in EVERY class. Every. Class. I thought, after some time, that I understood this routine pretty well…after all, I had become quite adept at it. But as the years passed, I realized how little I really understood. That basic exercise would foster the development of various skills that could easily be applied to any other form of martial art. If I hadn’t practiced walking the circle so much, I never would have known about them!

The same is true of our most fundamental techniques; the basic reverse punch, lunge punch, front kick, and so on, will impart their secrets only when we are physically and mentally prepared and able to receive them. How much more so our basic form(s)! And we cannot be prepared mentally or even physically able to understand these hidden mysteries until we have practiced them countless times!

Your teacher may or may not know of these special keys, but that doesn’t mean that you can’t discover them. However, it’s best if your instructor knows of them so that you can verify what you’ve found and discuss it to find out more about the various ways they can be applied. And this is one of the problems in martial arts today; many, many teachers only understand something of the “outer shell.”

Don’t say, “I don’t wanna do…” Just do it. And pay close attention while you do.

THE ANCIENT MANUSCRIPT

 by Phillip Starr

If I gave you a 500 year-old manuscript on the martial arts (and let's assume that it's written in English), what would you do with it? Would you just toss it into a pile of other books and ignore it? Flip through the yellowed pages and look at the handful of drawn pictures? Quickly browse through its writings? Or would you carefully study it, paying attention to every word?

I would hope that you'd do more than just read it; I hope you'd STUDY it very, very carefully. And take your time. Hurrying may cause you to miss some important details. Would you do that?

And...what if, during your deep study, you discovered that there was a sort of code in places...written in another language? Would you learn that language so that you could discover more secrets? What if there's a second code that's sometimes hidden within the first one? Would you learn that language as well?

And knowing how language works – after all, some words have more than one meaning and you could run into this situation several times – would you dig some more to find out EXACTLY what the word/phrase was intended to mean?

And you soon realize that really acquiring all of the information that this books has to offer is going to take more than a couple of weeks. It's going to require YEARS, maybe even decades, of careful study.

I would hope that you would. Otherwise, your approach the studying martial arts is simply one of mild curiosity; a kind of exotic hobby...but just a hobby, nonetheless.

Well, those of you who practice traditional karate or gong-fu possess such ancient manuscripts. We call them forms...